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1.
Rev. odonto ciênc ; 27(2): 137-142, 2012. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS, BBO | ID: lil-649738

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of cervical preflaring in determining the initial apical file (IAF) in the palatal roots of maxillary molars, and to determine the morphologic shape of the canal 1 mm short of the apex. METHODS: After preparing standard access cavities the group 1 received the IAF without cervical preflaring (WCP). In groups 2 to 5, preflaring was performed with Gates-Glidden (GG), Anatomic Endodontics Technology (AET), GT Rotary Files (GT) and LA Axxes (LA), respectively. Each canal was sized using manual K-files, starting with size 08 files, and making passive movements until the WL was reached. File sizes were increased until a binding sensation was felt at the WL. The IAF area and the area of the root canal were measured to verify the percentage occupied by the IAF inside the canal in each sample by SEM. The morphologic shape of the root canal was classified as circular, oval or flattened. Statistical analysis was performed by ANOVA/Tukey test (P < 0.05). RESULTS: The decreasing percentages occupied by the IAF inside the canal were: LA>GT=AET>GG>WCP. The morphologic shape was predominantly oval. CONCLUSION: The type of cervical preflaring used interferes in the determination of IAF.


OBJETIVO: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a influência do preparo cervical na determinação da lima anatômica inicial (LAI) em raízes palatinas de molares superiores e determinar a morfologia do canal 1 mm aquém do ápice. METODOLOGIA: Após a padronização da cavidade de acesso o grupo 1 recebeu a LAI sem preparo cervical (SPC). Do grupo 2 ao 5 o preparo cervical foi realizado com brocas Gates-Glidden (GG), Anatomic Endodontics Technology (AET), GT Rotary Files (GT) e brocas LA Axxes (LA), respectivamente. Os canais foram explorados com lima tipo K inserindo-se passivamente a lima 08 no comprimento de trabalho (CT), e limas de diâmetros sucessivamente maiores até obter a sensação de travamento CT. A área da LAI e a área do canal radicular foram medidas para verificar a porcentagem que o IAI ocupou no interior do canal em cada amostra por meio de MEV. A forma do canal radicular foi classificada em circular, oval e achatada. A análise estatística foi realizada pelo teste ANOVA/Tukey (P<0,05). RESULTADOS: Diminuição na porcentagen ocupada pela LAI dentro do canal foi: LA>GT=AET>GG>SPC. A morfologia foi predominantemente oval. CONCLUSÃO: O tipo de preparo cervical interfere na determinação da LAI.


Subject(s)
Molar , Dental Instruments , Root Canal Preparation
2.
Braz. dent. j ; 19(3): 245-251, 2008. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-495981

ABSTRACT

This study investigated the influence of cervical preflaring with different rotary instruments on determination of the initial apical file (IAF) in mesiobuccal roots of mandibular molars. Fifty human mandibular molars whose mesial roots presented two clearly separated apical foramens (mesiobuccal and mesiolingual) were used. After standard access opening and removal of pulp tissue, the working length (WL) was determined at 1 mm short of the root apex. Five groups (n=10) were formed at random, according to the type of instrument used for cervical preflaring. In group 1, the size of the IAF was determined without preflaring of the cervical and middle root canal thirds. In groups 2 to 5, preflaring was performed with Gates-Glidden drills, ProTaper instruments, EndoFlare instruments and LA Axxes burs, respectively. Canals were sized manually with K-files, starting with size 08 K-files, inserted passively up to the WL. File sizes were increased until a binding sensation was felt at the WL and the size of the file was recorded. The instrument corresponding to the IAF was fixed into the canal at the WL with methylcyanoacrylate. The teeth were then sectioned transversally 1 mm short of the apex, with the IAF in position. Cross-sections of the WL region were examined under scanning electron microscopy and the discrepancies between canal diameter and the diameter of IAF were calculated using the tool "rule" (FEG) of the microscope's proprietary software. The measurements (µm) were analyzed statistically by Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn's tests at 5 percent significance level. There were statistically significant differences among the groups (p<0.05). The non-flared group had the greatest discrepancy (125.30 ± 51.54) and differed significantly from all flared groups (p<0.05). Cervical preflaring with LA Axxess burs produced the least discrepancies (55.10 ± 48.31), followed by EndoFlare instruments (68.20 ± 42.44), Gattes Glidden drills (68.90 ± 42.46)...


Este estudo investigou a influência do alargamento cervical feito com diferentes instrumentos rotatórios na determinação do instrumento apical inicial (IAI) das raizes mésio-vestibulares de molares inferiores. Foram utilizados 50 molares inferiores cujas raízes mesiais apresentavam dois forames apicais nitidamente separados (mésio-vestibular e mésio-lingual). Após o acesso à câmara pulpar de forma convencional e remoção do tecido pulpar, o comprimento de trabalho foi definido a 1 mm do ápice radicular. Os dentes foram divididos aleatoriamente em cinco grupos (n= 10) de acordo com o tipo de instrumento utilizado no alargamento cervical. No grupo 1, o IAI foi definido sem o prévio alargamento dos terços médio e cervical das raízes. Nos grupos 2 a 5, o terço cervical e médio do canal radicular foi alargado com as brocas de Gates-Glidden, instrumentos Pro Taper, Endo Flare e brocas LA Axxes, respectivamente. A determinação do IAI foi realizada manualmente com limas tipo K em ordem crescente de diâmetro a partir da lima 08 até se chegar ao instrumento que permitisse ao operador ter a sensação tátil do mesmo estar firmemente ajustado ao CRT. O instrumento que correspondeu ao IAI foi fixado no interior do canal radicular com cianocrilato de metila. Com o IAI posicionado, os dentes foram seccionados transversalmente até 1 mm do ápice. As seções transversais do CRT foram observadas através da microscopia eletrônica de varredura e os desajustes entre o diâmetro do canal e o diâmetro do IAI foram calculados com a função "régua" (FEG) do software do próprio microscópio. Os resultados foram avaliados estatisticamente pelo testes de Kruskal-Wallis e Dunn ao nível de significância de 5 por cento. Houve diferenças estatisticamente significantes entre os grupos (p<0,05). O grupo sem alargamento apresentou o maior desajuste (125,30 ±51,54) e diferiu significativamente dos demais grupos (p<0,05). O alargamento cervical com as brocas LA Axxess apresentou...


Subject(s)
Humans , Dental Pulp Cavity/pathology , Molar/pathology , Root Canal Preparation/methods , Coated Materials, Biocompatible , Dental Alloys , Dental Pulp Cavity/ultrastructure , Dentin/ultrastructure , Equipment Design , Microscopy, Electron, Scanning , Molar/ultrastructure , Odontometry , Pulpectomy/instrumentation , Root Canal Irrigants/therapeutic use , Root Canal Preparation/instrumentation , Stainless Steel , Surface Properties , Sodium Hypochlorite/therapeutic use , Titanium , Tooth Apex/pathology , Tooth Apex/ultrastructure
3.
Braz. dent. j ; 18(2): 102-106, 2007. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-466500

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of cervical preflaring on determination of the initial apical file in maxillary lateral incisors. Forty human lateral incisors with complete root formation were used. After standard access cavities, a size 06 K-file was inserted into each canal until the apical foramen was reached. The WL (WL) was set 1 mm short of the apical foramen. Four groups (n=10) were formed at random, according to the type of cervical preflaring performed. Group 1 received the initial apical instrument without previous preflaring of the cervical and middle root canal thirds. Group 2 had the cervical and middle root canal thirds enlarged with nickel-titanium Orifice Opener instruments. Group 3 had the cervical and middle root canal thirds enlarged with Gates-Glidden drills. Titanium-nitrite treated, stainless steel LA Axxess burs were used for preflaring the cervical and middle root canal thirds of group 4. Each canal was sized using manual K-files, starting with size 08 files with passive movements until the WL was reached. File sizes were increased until a binding sensation was felt at the WL, and the instrument size was recorded for each tooth. The apical region was then observed under a stereoscopic magnifier, images were recorded digitally and the differences between root canal and maximum file diameters were recorded (in mm) for each sample. Significant differences were found between the groups regarding the anatomical diameter at the WL and the first file to bind the canal (p = 0.01). The major discrepancy was found when no preflaring was performed (0.1882 mm average). Canals preflared with Orifice Opener instruments (0.0485 mm average) and Gates-Glidden drills (0.1074 mm average) also showed great discrepancy. The LA Axxess burs produced the smallest differences between anatomical diameter and first file to bind (0.0119 mm average). Instrument binding technique for determining anatomical diameter...


Avaliou-se a influência do pré-alargamento cervical na determinação do instrumento apical inicial em incisivos laterais superiores. Foram selecionados quarenta incisivos laterais superiores com completa formação radicular. Concluída cirurgia de acesso, uma lima tipo K #06 foi inserida em cada canal até atingir o forame apical. A partir desse comprimento foi reduzido 1 mm e determinou-se o comprimento de trabalho. Os dentes foram divididos em cinco grupos (n=10), de acordo com o tipo de alargamento cervical realizado: Grupo 1: sem alargamento; Grupo 2: instrumentos Orifice Opener; Grupo 3: brocas Gates-Glidden; Grupo 4: LA Axxess. Os canais foram explorados com lima do tipo K inserindo-se passivamente a lima 08 no comprimento de trabalho. A seguir, limas de maiores diâmetros foram sucessivamente introduzidas no canal radicular, até se obter a sensação de travamento no comprimento de trabalho. O diâmetro desse instrumento foi registrado, e este foi fixado em posição no canal com cianoacrilato de metila. Secções transversais realizadas no comprimento de trabalho foram observadas em lupa estereoscópica com auxílio de máquina fotográfica acoplada e as imagens foram digitalizadas. A diferença entre o menor diâmetro do canal e o diâmetro do instrumento apical inicial foi calculada para cada amostra (em mm). A análise estatística indicou diferença estatisticamente significante entre os grupos experimentais (p=0.01). A maior discrepância foi representada pelo grupo que não recebeu o pré-alargamento (média: 0,1882 mm). O grupo no qual o pré-alargamento foi realizado com instrumentos Orifice Opener também apresentou elevada discrepância entre o diâmetro anatômico e o instrumento apical inicial (média: 0,0485 mm), seguido pelo grupo que se utilizou Gates-Glidden (média: 0,1074 mm). As brocas LA Axxess promoveram a menor diferença entre o diâmetro anatômico no comprimento de trabalho e o instrumento apical inicial (média: 0,0119 mm). Pode-se concluir...


Subject(s)
Humans , Dental Pulp Cavity/pathology , Incisor/pathology , Root Canal Preparation/instrumentation , Tooth Apex/pathology , Dental Alloys , Equipment Design , Image Processing, Computer-Assisted , Maxilla , Nickel , Root Canal Preparation/methods , Stainless Steel , Surface Properties , Titanium , Tooth Cervix
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